![]() The following example compares a raw pointer declaration to a smart pointer declaration. In modern C++, raw pointers are only used in small code blocks of limited scope, loops, or helper functions where performance is critical and there is no chance of confusion about ownership. In most cases, when you initialize a raw pointer or resource handle to point to an actual resource, pass the pointer to a smart pointer immediately. In practical terms, the main principle of RAII is to give ownership of any heap-allocated resource-for example, dynamically-allocated memory or system object handles-to a stack-allocated object whose destructor contains the code to delete or free the resource and also any associated cleanup code. The main goal of this idiom is to ensure that resource acquisition occurs at the same time that the object is initialized, so that all resources for the object are created and made ready in one line of code. They are crucial to the RAII or Resource Acquisition Is Initialization programming idiom. ![]() Smart pointers are defined in the std namespace in the header file. ![]() In modern C++ programming, the Standard Library includes smart pointers, which are used to help ensure that programs are free of memory and resource leaks and are exception-safe.
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